Da circa un mese siamo entrati nella stagione pre-monsonica, che favorisce il trasporto fino alle alte quote dell’Himalaya degli inquinanti che compongono la Asian Brown Cloud, la nube marrone che ricopre le pianure indiane e del sud Asia. “I valori di inquinanti osservati nei primi giorni di aprile vanno oltre i già alti livelli raggiunti gli anni scorsi. In questi giorni, il black carbon ha sfiorato i 6 µg m-3 - dice Angela Marinoni ricercatrice dell’ISAC - mentre il PM1 (massa delle polveri fini) ha abbondantemente superato i 100 µg m-3, un valore mai registrato da quando l’osservatorio NCO-P ha iniziato la sua attività di studio e monitoraggio nell’ambito del progetto Atmospheric Brown Clouds di UNEP”.
La famosa composizione di Víctor Jara da cui nasce "L'Uomo è un Creatore", la canzone che è ormai usata da anni come inno della GiOC.
Víctor Jara è un cantautore cileno torturato e assassinato pochi giorni dopo il colpo di stato di Pinochet nel 1973.
Proveniente da famiglia contadina, politicamente impegnato, divenne un riferimento internazionale della canzone di protesta e del cantautorato.
TRATTO DA: primomaggioc
TRATTO DA: primomaggioc
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LONDON (AP) -- Thick drifts of volcanic ash blanketed parts of rural Iceland on Friday as a vast, invisible plume of grit drifted over Europe, emptying the skies of planes and sending hundreds of thousands in search of hotel rooms, train tickets or rental cars.
"The skies are totally empty over northern Europe," said Brian Flynn, deputy head of Eurocontrol, adding "there will be some significant disruption of European air traffic tomorrow." The agency said about 16,000 of Europe's usual 28,000 daily flights were canceled Friday -- twice as many as were canceled a day earlier. U.S. airlines canceled 280 of the more than 330 trans-Atlantic flights of a normal day, and about 60 flights between Asia and Europe were canceled.
Southern Iceland's Eyjafjallajokull (ay-yah-FYAH'-plah-yer-kuh-duhl) glacier began erupting for the second time in a month on Wednesday, sending ash several miles into the air. Winds pushed the plume south and east across Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia and into the heart of Europe. The air traffic agency Eurocontrol said almost two-thirds of Europe'sflights were canceled Friday, as air space remained largely closed in Britain and across large chunks of north and central Europe. (21 images)
"The skies are totally empty over northern Europe," said Brian Flynn, deputy head of Eurocontrol, adding "there will be some significant disruption of European air traffic tomorrow." The agency said about 16,000 of Europe's usual 28,000 daily flights were canceled Friday -- twice as many as were canceled a day earlier. U.S. airlines canceled 280 of the more than 330 trans-Atlantic flights of a normal day, and about 60 flights between Asia and Europe were canceled.
Southern Iceland's Eyjafjallajokull (ay-yah-FYAH'-plah-yer-kuh-duhl) glacier began erupting for the second time in a month on Wednesday, sending ash several miles into the air. Winds pushed the plume south and east across Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia and into the heart of Europe. The air traffic agency Eurocontrol said almost two-thirds of Europe'sflights were canceled Friday, as air space remained largely closed in Britain and across large chunks of north and central Europe. (21 images)
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The volcano in southern Iceland's Eyjafjallajokull glacier sends ash into the air just prior to sunset on Friday, April 16. Thick drifts of volcanic ash blanketed parts of rural Iceland on Friday as a vast, invisible plume of grit drifted over Europe, emptying the skies of planes. AP / Brynjar Gauti
Smoke billows from a volcano in Eyjafjallajokull on April 16. Iceland's second volcano eruption in less than a month has sent plumes of ash and smoke billowing more than 20,000 feet (6,000 metres) into the sky. The massive ash cloud is gradually sweeping across Europe and forcing the continent's biggest air travel shutdown since World War II.AFP / Getty Images / Halldor Klobeins
A car is seen driving through the ash from the volcano eruption under the Eyjafjallajokull glacier in Iceland, Friday. The volcano erupted for the second time in less than a month, melting ice, shooting smoke and steam into the air. AP / mar skarsson
Volcanic scientists collect samples of ash to send to labs to analyze its content, in eastern Iceland on April 15. A cloud of ash from the Eyjafjallajˆkull volcano in Iceland, which erupted on the morning of April 14. AFP / Getty Images / Omar Oskarsson
Footprints in volcanic ash fallen to ground Friday April 16, near Myrdalssandur, some 220km east of the capital Rejkavik, Iceland. AP / Brynjar Gauti
A woman wears a mask and goggles to protect herself from ash caused by volcanic activity Friday April 16, some 120km east of the capital Rejkavik, Iceland. Authorities told people in the area with respiratory problems to stay indoors, and advised everyone to wear masks and protective goggles outside. AP / Brynjar Gauti
A computer enhanced image provided by the German Aerospace Center, DLR, on Friday, April 16, shows a photo of the volcano under the Eyjafjallajokull glacier on Iceland taken by the TerraSAR-X satellite on Thursday evening, April 15. AP / TerraSAR-X
A landscape flattened by floodwaters caused by volcanic activity on the Markarfljot river bank Friday, April 16, some 120km east of the capital Reykjavik, Iceland. AP / Brynjar Gauti
Ice chunks carried downstream by floodwaters caused by volcanic activity lie on the Markarfljot river bank Friday April 16, some 120km east of the capital Rejkavik, Iceland. AP / Brynjar Gauti
Ground staff secure a plastic protective cover on the engines of an aircraft at Belfast City Airport in Northern Ireland, on April 16. AFP / Getty Images / Peter Muhly
Passengers look out from the windows of Krakow airport, Poland, Friday, April 16. A cloud of volcanic ash from an Iceland volcanic eruption caused cancellation of flights acrossEurope putting at risk the burial ceremony of late Polish president Lech Kaczynski and his wife, killed in a plane crash. The ceremony is planned to take place at the Wawel castle in Krakow, on Sunday, April 18. AP / Petr David Josek
Travelers wait at the closed international Airport in Duesseldorf, Germany, Friday, April 16. Most countries in northern Europe suspended their air traffic due to ash clouds from thevolcanic eruption in Iceland. AP / Martin Meissner
Italian tourists rest in the departure hall of Prague's Ruzyne airport on April 16, as flights were cancelled due to ash from a volcano eruption in Iceland. AFP / Getty Images / Michal Cizek
Passengers gather in front of flight information screens at Roissy Charles de Gaulle Airport, as hundreds of commercial flights across northern Europe are canceled by a drifting plume of volcanic ash originating from Iceland, outside Paris, Friday, April 16. AP / Christophe Ena
Passengers rest at Roissy Charles de Gaulle Airport, as hundreds of commercial flights across northern Europe are canceled by a drifting plume of volcanic ash originating from a volcanic eruption in Iceland, Friday, April 16. AP / Christophe Ena
Passengers use camp beds as they wait for the resumption of air travel on April 16, at the airport in at Frankfurt airport, the biggest in Germany. AFP / Getty Images / Torten Silz
Passengers sleep as they waits for the resumption of air travel on April 16, at the airport in Frankfurt, Germany. AFP / Getty Images / Torstan Silz
In this photo released by the Icelandic Coastguard on Friday, April 16, officers in a coastguard plane monitor the activity of the volcano under the Eyjafjallajokull glacier in Iceland.AP / Icelandic Coastguard
The crater of the volcano under the Eyjafjallajokull glacier in Iceland, is shown in this photo released by the Icelandic Coastguard on Friday, April 16. AP / Icelandic Coastguard
This image provided by NOAA shows the volcanic plume, from Wednesday's eruption of a volcano beneath Iceland's Eyjafjallajokull glacier. Using sulfur dioxide concentration data from the NASA Aura/ OMI satellite sensor, it shows smoke, ash, and other components that can cause aircraft jet engines to fail. The OMI sensor can distinguish the differences between cloud, smoke, dust, ozone and other aerosols, and is important in Earth observations for aviation safety. AP / NOAA
A combo of 3 pictures taken on April 15, by EUMETSAT shows a dark cloud of volcanic ash spreading from Iceland. A volcanic eruption in Iceland fired ash across northern Europeforcing the closure of huge swathes of international airspace which grounded hundreds of flights. The eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano in southeast Iceland had already melted part of a surrounded glacier causing severe floods. More than 700 people were evacuated from their homes. AFP / Getty Images / Fabrice Coffrini
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Da circa un mese siamo entrati nella stagione pre-monsonica, che favorisce il trasporto fino alle alte quote dell’Himalaya degli inquinanti che compongono la Asian Brown Cloud, la nube marrone che ricopre le pianure indiane e del sud Asia. “I valori di inquinanti osservati nei primi giorni di aprile vanno oltre i già alti livelli raggiunti gli anni scorsi. In questi giorni, il black carbon ha sfiorato i 6 µg m-3 - dice Angela Marinoni ricercatrice dell’ISAC - mentre il PM1 (massa delle polveri fini) ha abbondantemente superato i 100 µg m-3, un valore mai registrato da quando l’osservatorio NCO-P ha iniziato la sua attività di studio e monitoraggio nell’ambito del progetto Atmospheric Brown Clouds di UNEP”.
La presenza di questi inquinanti in atmosfera offusca anche la limpida visione del ghiacciaio del Khumbu, come si vede dalla webcam del NCO-P (http://evk2.isac.cnr.it/realtime.html). “Queste preoccupanti concentrazioni di particolato - prosegue Paolo Cristofanelli responsabile delle attività atmosferiche in SHARE - sono accompagnate da elevati livelli di ozono, un gas serra altamente ossidante che si forma in atmosfera in presenza di inquinanti primari e radiazione solare. Grazie alle condizioni di estrema siccità che caratterizzano la stagione pre-monsonica nel Sud dell’Asia, una delle fonti primarie di queste elevate concentrazioni di inquinanti sembra dovuta ai numerosi fuochi forestali, anche legati a pratiche agricole, che si sviluppano in questo periodo dell’anno nei territori del Nepal e dell’India settentrionale oltre che dell’Indocina”.
Questi dati confermano i preoccupanti risultati emersi nel corso dei primi quattro anni di studio del progetto SHARE che ha registrato in prossimità dei ghiacciai himalayani concentrazioni di inquinanti simili a quelle delle aree urbane.
Ogni anno durante la stagione pre-monsonica, presso la stazione SHARE, NCO-P si registrano i valori più elevati dell’anno, con concentrazioni semi-orarie di black carbon che hanno raggiunto i 5 µg m-3 e con valori di PM1 tra i 50 e i 70 µg m-3, concentrazioni che superano anche le soglie di allarme che la Comunità Europea ha fissato per la qualità dell’aria delle nostre città.
“Le osservazioni effettuate presso la stazione NCO-P sono preoccupanti - afferma Paolo Bonasoni, responsabile scientifico del progetto SHARE - poiché gli inquinanti, attraverso le valli himalayane, che fungono da veri e propri camini, possono essere trasportati fino alla media ed alta troposfera, ove acquistano un tempo di vita considerevolmente maggiore e possono accumularsi per essere trasportati anche su lunghe distanze”.
Inoltre, come rivelato da uno studio condotto in collaborazione con il Goddard Space Flight Center della NASA, le stime riguardanti i processi di deposizione di questi inquinanti sui ghiacciai himalayani possono favorire un significativo aumento del loro naturale scioglimento. Questo appare ancor più significativo, considerando che i ghiacciai Himalyani rappresentano una delle principali fonti di acqua dolce dell’Asia meridionale, una delle aree maggiormente popolate del Mondo.
Un “Near Real Time” report di quanto registrato durante il mese di Aprile dalla stazione NCO-P è stato inviato a Veerabhadran Ramanathan, chair del Progetto UNEP-ABC che ha condiviso la preoccupazione per i dati messi in risalto dalle recenti osservazioni svolte nell’ambito del progetto SHARE. Il report a breve sarà consultabile anche sul sito di UNEP-ABC e diffuso tramite la newsletter di UNEP-ABC.
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